ГЭТ 16-2018 (НИЛ 2414)
Standard name:
- ГЭТ 16-2018 State Primary Standard of Units of Combustion Energy, Specific Combustion Energy and Volumetric Combustion Energy
Type of measurement:
- Thermophysical and temperature measurements
Structural division: name НИО\НИЛ:
- Laboratory of standards and scientific research in the field of combustion calorimetry and high-purity substances for metrological purposes
Guardian Scientist:
- Korchagina Elena Nikolaevna, Ph.D.
Year of creation:
- 1978
Year of re-confirmation:
- 2018
Operating principle:
- The general principle of calorimetric measurements is that the process of heat release or absorption, which is to be measured, is carried out in a special device – a calorimeter – and the change in its temperature caused by this process is observed. Reproduction of combustion energy units and specific combustion energy is realized in the VIM bomb calorimeter with an isothermal shell, designed for combustion of solid and liquid substances.The basis for the reproduction of units is the use of high-purity benzoic acid of the K-1 brand with the value of the highest combustion energy established in the State Standards of Standards, which is confirmed by monitoring its degree of purity on equipment for establishing the total molar fraction of impurities included in the composition of the standard and implementing the cryometric method of analysis.
- The reproduction and transfer of the unit of volumetric combustion energy – joule per cubic meter – is carried out in a gas calorimeter «КАТЕТ», which implements the absolute isothermal method of measuring the volumetric heat of combustion, when direct measurements of thermal effects are made using the compensation method.
- The calorimeter-comparator "B-06 AK", which is calibrated by burning high-purity methane in a gas burner in a discrete-flow mode, ensures the transfer of volumetric combustion energy by the calorimetric method.
Composition of the standard:
Первичный эталон состоит из комплекса следующих основных технических средств:
- Gas calorimeter «КАТЕТ»;
- Liquid calorimeter with static bomb «ВИМ»;
- Liquid calorimeter-comparator with gas burner «В-06АК»;
- Gas calorimeter-comparator «УСНГ»;
- Gas calorimeter-comparator «УСВГ»;
- Measure of the volumetric energy of combustion – high-purity hydrogen (≥99.95 mol.%);
- Measure of the volumetric energy of combustion – high-purity methane (≥99.95 mol.%);
- Measure of the volumetric energy of combustion – high-purity ethane (≥99.95 mol.%);
- Measure of the volumetric energy of combustion – high-purity propane (≥99.95 mol.%);
- Measure of the specific energy of combustion – high-purity benzoic acid grade "K-1";
- Equipment for determining the total molar fraction of impurities in benzoic acid grade "K-1";
- Scales electronic
Main metrological characteristics
The primary standard ensures the reproduction of units of combustion energy and volumetric combustion energy with the metrological characteristics values given in Table 1. Table 1 − Metrological characteristics of the primary standard
| Metrological characteristics of the primary standard | ||
|---|---|---|
| Combustion energy | Volumetric combustion energy | |
| Measurement range or nominal value | 5 − 50 kJ | 10 – 66 MJ/m3 |
| Standard deviation of the measurement result So, for N = 6 independent measurements, no more than | 4 × 10-5 | 2.3 × 10-4 |
| Unexcluded systematic error Qo, no more than | 5 × 10-5 | 12.4 × 10-4 |
| Relative standard uncertainty, Type A uoA | 4 × 10-5 | 2.3 × 10-4 |
| Relative standard uncertainty, estimated according to Type B uoB | 2.1 × 10-5 | 6.5 × 10-4 |
| Relative combined uncertainty uоc | 4.5 × 10-5 | 6.9 × 10-4 |
| Relative expanded uncertainty Uo with coverage factor k = 2 | 9 × 10-5 | 14 × 10-4 |
The value of the higher (specific) energy of combustion is reproduced with the nominal value of (26434.4 ± 0.6) kJ/kg for benzoic acid of the K-1 brand with a molar fraction of the main component of (99.995 ± 0.001)%, which is established under standard thermodynamic conditions in a calorimetric bomb when the mass of benzoic acid is converted to the conditions of weighing in a vacuum.
The values of the volumetric energy of combustion (VEC) of high-purity gases, established at a pressure of 101325 Pa, a temperature of 298.15 K and a volume of gases reduced to a pressure of 101325 Pa and a temperature of 293.15 K, are:
- for hydrogen: highest THC (11.88 ± 0.02) MJ/m3, lowest THC (10.05_±_0.02) MJ/m3;
- for methane: highest THC (37.10 ± 0.05) MJ/m3, lowest THC (33.43_±_0.05)_MJ/m3;
- for ethane: higher THC (65.40 ± 0.09) MJ/m3, lower THC (59.87 ± 0.08) MJ/m3;
- for propane: higher THC (93.81 ± 0.19) MJ/m3, lower THC (86.37 ± 0.17) MJ/m3.
Verification diagram:
- ГЭТ 16 heads the state verification scheme for measuring instruments of combustion energy, specific combustion energy and volumetric combustion energy.
Scope of application:
Metrological support for the fuel and energy complex, petrochemical, coal, and metallurgical industries. Verification and calibration of all combustion calorimeters used at enterprises in these industries, using standard measures of specific and volumetric combustion energy, certified against the standard as ГСО.
Results of applying the standard:
Reliable and accurate measurements of the specific and volumetric combustion energy of various fuels are essential in many areas of science and industry, including those related to the extraction, processing, and consumption of energy resources. The standard for combustion energy units serves the country's most important industries:
- Fuel and Energy Complex,
- Petrochemical,
- Coal,
- Gas,
- Metallurgical.
The total number of measuring instruments traceable to ГЭТ 16-2018:
Verification and calibration of combustion calorimeters used at more than 350 enterprises in these industries is carried out using standard measures of specific and volumetric combustion energy, certified as state standard reference standards. According to preliminary data, the country currently has 500 domestically produced АБК-1, АБК-1В, and ТАНТАЛ ТА-5 calorimeters, approximately 100 В-08МА «НМ», «К» calorimeters, approximately 230 IKA calorimeters, 100 LECO calorimeters, and 50 PARR calorimeters.
Ensuring the uniformity of measurements, participation in the CIPM MRA program:
The laboratory, as a pilot, organized and successfully conducted international comparisons within the COOMET framework on samples of gas mixtures, on several types of coal. Since 2023, it has been conducting new comparisons (with simultaneous registration of the topic in the KCDB) using pure substances (dodecane and anthracene) - topic COOMET 873/Ru-a/2023 (COOMET.T-S6) (successfully completed) and a topic using three samples of high-purity benzoic acid from different manufacturers COOMET 897/Ru-a/2024 (COOMET.T-S7) (a Type A report has been prepared). Both BelGim (Belarus) and NMI of China regularly participate in the comparisons.
PHOTO:
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/Общий вид калориметра с бомбой «ВИМ».png)
Fig. 1 General view of the calorimeter with a bomb «ВИМ»
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/Общий вид газового калориметра «КАТЕТ».png)
Fig. 2 General view of the gas calorimeter «КАТЕТ»
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/Общий вид калориметра с газовой горелкой «В-06 АК».png)
Fig. 3 General view of the calorimeter with a gas burner «В-06 АК»