ГЭТ 13-2023 (НИЛ 2201)
Standard name:
- ГЭТ 13-2023 State Primary Standard of the Unit of Electrical Voltage
Type of measurement:
- Measurements of electrical and magnetic quantities
Structural division: name НИО\НИЛ:
- Research Laboratory of State Standards in the Field of Measurements of Electrical Circuit Modes
Guardian Scientist:
- Katkov Alexander Sergeevich, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor.
Year of creation:
- 1970
Year of re-confirmation:
- 2023
Operating principle:
The unit of direct current (DC) voltage is generated using the quantum Josephson effect, relying on fundamental physical principles: the electron charge and Planck's constant. DC voltage is generated by converting the microwave signal irradiating a Josephson junction chip according to the Josephson equation:
U=NF/KJ,
where N is the number of Josephson stages, F is the irradiation frequency, and KJ is the Josephson constant.
Composition of the standard:
- VU-2 and VU-3 voltage units, which reproduce the unit of electrical voltage using cryogenic frequency converters to direct voltage based on the Josephson effect; equipment for irradiating the cryogenic converters with a microwave signal, equipment for generating a reference frequency; control and monitoring equipment;
- Equipment for transmitting the unit of voltage;
- Equipment for monitoring the conditions of maintenance and use of the primary standard;
- Auxiliary devices and special engineering structures
Main metrological characteristics
| Range | RMS | NSP | uA | uB |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| U = 1 mV – 1 V | 1·10-9 | 1·10-9 | 1·10-9 | 0.4·10-9 |
| U = 1 V – 10 V | U·10-9 | U·10-9 | U·10-9 | 0.4·U·10-9 |
Verification diagram:
- State verification scheme for measuring instruments of direct electrical voltage and electromotive force
Scope of application:
- Electronics, space, and defense technologies;
- Instrument and precision engineering;
- Shipbuilding, aircraft and rocket engineering, etc.
Results of applying the standard:
The results of the standard improvements correspond to the priority areas for the development of domestic instrument engineering. The benefits of implementing the improved standard will be realized through increased efficiency in the electric power industry, navigation equipment, and radio engineering systems.
The total number of measuring instruments traceable to ГЭТ 13-2023:
According to the ГПС, the total number of measuring instruments traceable to the primary standard amounts to several million across the country. This includes voltage calibrators, voltmeters, multimeters and voltage meters, DC voltage sources, and others.
Ensuring the uniformity of measurements, participation in the CIPM MRA program:
Comparisons VNIIM - BIPM 1998, BIPM.EM-K11.b, BIPM.EM-K10.a, BIPM.EM-K10.b, KOOMET.EM.BIPM-K11.a, KOOMET.EM.BIPM-K10.b, KOOMET.EM.BIPM-K11
11 CMC lines
Unique technical installations as part of the standard:
- The MN-2 quantum voltage measurer uses a superconducting Josephson integrated circuit of the hysteresis type SIS (superconductor-insulator-superconductor junction), implementing the Josephson effect at liquid helium temperatures. It reproduces voltages from 1 mV to 10 V;
- The MN-3 quantum programmable voltage measurer uses a superconducting Josephson integrated circuit of the anhysteresis-free SNS (superconductor-normal metal-superconductor junction), implementing the Josephson effect at liquid helium temperatures. The reproducible voltage ranges from 1 mV to 10 V;
- Microcircuit control units provide control of the microcircuits. The MN_3 control unit enables communication with measuring equipment, enables automated verification and calibration of measuring instruments, and provides the ability to measure alternating voltage up to 7 V with a frequency of up to 1 kHz;
- A shielded chamber to reduce exposure to electromagnetic fields and the Earth's magnetic field;
- Dewar flasks for liquid helium with a capacity of 65 and 100 liters to ensure the necessary temperature conditions for Josephson microcircuits (cryogenic temperatures, T = 4.2 K).
PHOTO:
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/Квантовая мера напряжения МН-2.png)
Quantum measure of voltage MN-2
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/Квантовая мера напряжения МН-3.png)
Quantum measure of voltage MN-3
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Scientist